23rd November 2024
Article: 23rd November, 2024
Topic: GM Crops can help fight hunger
Relevance: GS Paper: 3 – Agriculture
Source: The Hindu
Context
- Although their effects are mostly dependent on the farming methods used, genetically modified (GM) crops have the potential to greatly reduce hunger and food insecurity.
About Genetically Engineered Crops (also known as Genetically Modified Crops)
- These are plants whose genetic makeup has been purposefully changed through the use of particular DNA sequences.
- These changes are intended to promote desired qualities including increased yield, pest resistance, and tolerance to environmental stressors like drought or extremely high temperatures.
- To transfer particular genes into agricultural plants, scientists employ methods such as particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
- These genes could originate from different creatures or even the same species.
GM crops’ contribution to the fight against famine
- Crop genetic modification, or GM, is viewed as a potential solution to the persistent problem of hunger in developing nations.
- Because GM crops are designed to have characteristics like insect and herbicide resistance as well as increased nutritional value, they may be able to assist ease food shortages.
- Increased tolerance to environmental stressors, decreased need on chemical pesticides, and increased yields are all possible outcomes of these changes.
- The commercial introduction of Bt cotton, which has a gene from the bacterium Bacillus Thuringiensis and produces a toxin that is toxic to some pests, in 2002 marked the beginning of India’s adventure with genetically modified crops and decreased the need for insecticides.
India’s Regulatory Environment
- The Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change’s Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is principally in charge of overseeing it
- The GEAC is in charge of evaluating and approving genetically modified crops for commercial use, making sure they adhere to strict biosafety and environmental standards.
- Safety and appropriate monitoring are guaranteed by guidelines released by the Ministry of Environment and the Department of Biotechnology.
- Health Issues: Discussions over the long-term effects of eating genetically modified foods are still going on.
- Loss of Traditional Practices: Traditional farming methods and native crop types, which are essential for preserving agricultural variety, may be lost as a result of the acceptance of GM crops.
Important Aspects of a National GM Policy
- In order to ensure safety and sustainability with regard to soil health, biodiversity, or human health, GM policy must be farmer-centric. This includes empowering farmers, protecting biodiversity, and promoting inclusive decision-making.
- Transparent Regulatory Framework: It is essential to set up an accountable and transparent regulatory framework for the authorization and oversight of genetically modified crops.
- Encouragement of Non-GM Alternatives: The policy ought to encourage the study and creation of non-GM alternatives that can achieve similar agricultural benefits without the associated risks.
- Monitoring and Assessment: It is essential to conduct ongoing monitoring and assessment of the effects of genetically modified crops on agriculture, the environment, and human health.
The Future: Eco-Friendly Farming Methods
- Crop rotation: By alternating GM and non-GM crops, soil health can be preserved and pest resistance can be avoided.
- For genetically modified crops that are intended to flourish in particular soil types, conservation tillage is advantageous since it lessens soil erosion and enhances water retention.
- GM crops combined with integrated pest management (IPM) techniques can lessen the need for chemical pesticides and foster a more robust environment.
Conclusion
- The success of GM crops depends on sustainable farming methods and resolving related issues, although they have enormous potential to reduce hunger and increase food security.
- Combining GM crops with all-encompassing farming methods allows us to harness their full potential to create a more food-secure world.
Also Read Topics & Concepts:
Prelims Practice Questions
Q. Consider the following statements regarding GM Crops
1. The only genetically modified crop authorized for commercial production in India is Bt cotton.
2. Institutional Biosafety Committees’ (IBSC) approval is required before GM crops can be released into the environment.
Which of the above statements are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: a
Explanation
The only genetically modified crop authorized for commercial production in India is Bt cotton.
Genetically Modified (GM) crops cannot be released into the environment without the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee’s (GEAC) approval. The Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 mandates that State/UT Biotechnology Coordination Committees and District Level Committees keep an eye out for cases of unlawful GM crop cultivation and take appropriate action in accordance with the “Rules 1989.”
Mains Model Questions
Q. Increased productivity and the battle against poverty and malnutrition are two important benefits of genetically modified crops. Critically analyse.
| Introduction: Organisms that have had their genetic material (DNA) changed in a way that does not happen normally through mating or natural recombination are known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). These creatures include plants, animals, and microorganisms. Body: GM crops’ advantages for boosting agricultural productivity and eradicating hunger and malnutrition Climate resilient: Developing crops that can withstand harsh weather conditions is often required. This will allow the farmer to protect himself from crop loss losses. For example, a water-resistant paddy can withstand constant rain. Boost agricultural productivity: Compared to traditional species, new crops created through biotechnology have the potential to yield more per acre. Boost crop nutrient value: GM crops can produce nutrient-efficient types and are drought-tolerant. Additionally, it can aid in the production of meals with improved texture, flavor, and shelf life. Cut back on pesticides: More than any other factor, pests pose a serious threat to the farm economy.Scientists have developed creative ways to use biotechnology to help eradicate pests, which pose a serious threat to agriculture. GM crops’ difficulties Allergic Reactions: According to this article, genetic modification frequently introduces or combines proteins that were not present in the original plant or animal, which may result in the development of new allergic reactions in our bodies. Cross-pollination: This process allows new genes to be incorporated into the progeny of conventional, organic plants or crops that are miles away. ThisPossible negative effects on human health: It is yet uncertain how cultivating GMO crops, such as GM mustard, would affect the environment (the soil it is grown on), the food chain, groundwater, and population health. Conclusion: India’s living standards can be raised with the aid of GM crops, which will advance human development. In order to meet its international commitment to attaining sustainable development goals, it will also assist India in ensuring food security, reducing hunger and malnutrition, and boosting farmer income and agricultural exports. However, adequate research on its detrimental effects on human and environmental health is required, supported by scientific data. Consequently, a participatory approach is required to bring all stakeholders together to establish regulatory protocols. |
Article: 23rd November, 2024
Topic: Should packaged food content be labelled?
Relevance: GS Paper: 2 – Health
Source: The Hindu
Context
- Food and beverage industries typically sell fewer nutritious items in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income countries (HICs), according to a report by the worldwide non-profit Access to Nutrition Initiative (ATNi).
What is stated in the Access to Nutrition Initiative’s report?
- In LMICs, lower health ratings: 52,414 products from 30 of the biggest food and beverage producers in the world were evaluated for the report. The average Health Star Rating (HSR) of products sold in LMICs was 1.8, whereas the average for products sold in HICs was 2.3. This suggests that in worse markets, these companies’ portfolios are less robust.
- Sales of Healthier Products: Just 30% of the evaluated businesses have a plan in place to make their healthier products reasonably priced for customers with lesser incomes.
- Availability of Micronutrient Data: The study pointed out that efforts to treat nutritional deficiencies were made more difficult by the fact that micronutrient data were accessible for a lesser percentage of items in LMICs than in HICs.
- Demand Action: Only a small percentage of businesses presently satisfy the ATNi’s challenge to source at least 50% of their revenues from healthier products by 2030.
Why is the prevalence of non-communicable diseases so high in India?
A number of reasons have contributed to the rise in non-communicable diseases in India:
- Dietary Changes: Consumption of highly processed foods that are heavy in fats and sugars has significantly increased, which is a contributing factor to diabetes and obesity.
- The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) estimates that approximately 56% of all diseases are caused by poor diets.
- Problems with Affordability: Over 50% of Indians cannot afford a nutritious meal, which exacerbates nutritional deficits and the country’s rising obesity rates.
- Lifestyle Changes: Urbanization and a decrease in physical activity have contributed to this epidemic, which has resulted in a twin burden of obesity and undernutrition.
Is front-of-pack labeling beneficial?
- Labeling on the front of the package may have a big impact on customer behavior and public health results:
- Effectiveness of Warning Labels: Research from nations like Mexico and Chile indicates that requiring warning labels on sugar-filled drinks has reduced consumption. This implies that consumers can make healthier decisions with the aid of clear labeling.
- Mandatory Policies Are Needed: Activists contend that businesses’ voluntary efforts have fallen short. They support obligatory laws governing front-of-pack labeling in order to efficiently convey dietary information about high levels of sugar, fat, and sodium content.
Conclusion
- In order to tackle non-communicable diseases, the Access to Nutrition Initiative report highlights the critical need for front-of-pack labeling, equitable pricing, and healthier food portfolios in LMICs (Low- and Middle-Income Countries). These actions support healthier lives worldwide and are in line with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being).
Also Read Topics & Concepts:
Prelims Practice Questions
Q. Consider the following statements
1. In India, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for almost 60% of all fatalities.
2. One non-communicable disease (NCD) that significantly affects India is malaria.
Which of the above statements are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: a
Explanation
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 60% of all fatalities in India are caused by NCDs. A significant amount of the nation’s illness burden is attributed to the four primary NCDs: diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory conditions, and cardiovascular diseases.
Malaria is a contagious disease that is spread by parasites and is contracted by mosquito bites. As a result, it cannot be regarded as a serious NCD that impacts India.
Mains Model Questions
Q. Can the vicious cycle of gender inequality, poverty and malnutrition be broken through microfinancing of women SHGs? Explain with examples. (UPSC PYQ 2021)
| Introduction: Women are pushed into poverty and hunger as a result of gender inequality, which also leads to unequal possibilities for access to decent jobs, health care, education, and nutrition. Body: Female microfinance Women at the bottom of the poverty pyramid who face greater socioeconomic disparities can be targeted by SHGs in the following ways: Nutritional indicators: Better nutritional outcomes for the entire family are associated with microfinance of women’s self-help groups. In order to eradicate intergenerational poverty, it is crucial. The Self-Employed Women’s Association, for instance, strives to ensure women’s nutritional security. Community involvement: Through improved community engagement, microfinance of women’s self-help groups (SHGs) helps dismantle social norms and gender ideology. For instance, the Keralan initiative Kudumbshree began as a SHG. Ability to make decisions: Women SHGs that get microfinance have better decision-making skills. have more influence over issues like family planning, resource use, etc. Indira Kranti Patham, for instance, improved the human resource potential of its female members. Socioeconomic empowerment: Tribal women’s socioeconomic indicators have improved as a result of the Orissa government’s Mission Shakti project. Credit availability: Higher member credit worthiness is associated with microfinance of women’s self-help groups. Having access to finance makes one more resilient to the poverty trap. For instance, the Jay Ambe SHG in Rajasthan helps its impoverished members obtain financing. In times of agricultural crisis, it is essential to sustain the primary activity of agriculture by providing non-farm employment. Conclusion: Women’s capacity to supplement the family income can be improved by SHG microfinance. In addition to improving gender equality, it will prevent women and children from becoming trapped in a cycle of poverty and starvation. |
Article: 23rd November, 2024
Topic: How can Urbanisation boost skills and create employment
Relevance: GS Paper: 2 – Governance
Source: Indian Express
Context
- Opportunities for skill development and job creation are presented by urbanization, especially in a nation like India that is urbanizing quickly.
India’s Urbanization Status
- India’s urbanization is accelerating. Thirty Indians move from rural to urban areas per minute.
- India’s urban population grew at a pace of 2.76% annually, from 27.7% in 2001 to 31.1% in 2011, according to the 2011 Census.
- By 2050, half of India’s population is predicted to live in cities due to the country’s fast urbanization.
- According to the 2011 Census, India has six megacities—Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Chennai, and Hyderabad—with a combined population of over 10 million.
Urbanization’s Potential
- Various Career Paths: Manufacturing, IT, retail, and services are just a few of the businesses that create opportunities in urban regions for people of all skill levels.
- Ecosystem for Enhancing Skills: Urban centers facilitate access to skill development programs by acting as hubs for educational and training institutions.
- Support for Entrepreneurship: Market access, financial services, and infrastructure provided by cities foster entrepreneurial endeavors.
- Technology-driven Growth: Due to the quick development of technology, cities are essential for digital skilling, which promotes the creation of jobs in the IT, AI, and e-commerce industries.
What Difficulties Exist?
- Unplanned Urbanization: Poor planning leads to a spread of slums and insufficient infrastructure.
- About 24% of urban residents reside in slums, according to the 2011 Census, which reflects issues with housing and urban infrastructure.
- Mismatch of Skills: A large number of people who migrate to cities are underemployed because they lack the soft or technical skills needed for metropolitan occupations.
- City overcrowding puts a demand on public services, housing, and healthcare, which affects the quality of life and worker productivity.
- More than 40% of people living in cities do not have access to proper sanitary facilities, according to NFHS-5, 2019–21.
- Informal Workers’ Vulnerability: Informal workers are at risk for poor pay, unstable employment, and no social security benefits.
- Gender Disparities: Because of social conventions, restricted mobility, and safety concerns, women encounter obstacles to skill development and employment.
- Environmental Stress: Nearly 75% of India’s total greenhouse gas emissions come from urban areas, per a TERI analysis.
Government programs
- The goal of Skill India is to develop a skilled labor force by means of initiatives such as the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY).
- The Smart Cities Mission is to create 100 smart cities with effective government and infrastructure.
- Enhancing urban infrastructure to promote economic activity and improved living conditions is the goal of AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation).
- The Startup India Initiative supports entrepreneurship and innovation by offering financial and legal assistance.
- The goal of DAY-NULM (Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Urban Livelihoods Mission) is to improve the urban poor’s employment and skill levels.
- The goal of the Digital India Program is to foster technology-driven employment by advancing e-governance and digital literacy.
Ideas
- Integrated Urban Planning: Create thoughtfully designed urban areas that prioritize access to training facilities, reasonably priced housing, and public transportation.
- Public-Private Partnerships: Make use of the private sector’s experience in programs that create jobs and improve skills.
- Ready for the future Skills: To keep up with new technologies and sectors, prioritize soft, digital, and green skills.
- Support for the Informal Sector: Implement laws to improve and legalize the working conditions for workers in the informal sector.
Conclusion
- If properly handled, urbanization can act as a stimulant to improve employment prospects and skill sets, opening the door for inclusive development and long-term economic growth in India.
Also Read Topics & Concepts:
Prelims Practice Questions
Q. Consider the following statements regarding Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
1. It is the Ministry of Labor and Employment’s flagship program.
2. Among other things, it will provide instruction in digital literacy, entrepreneurship, soft skills, and finance.
3. It seeks to bring the nation’s unregulated workforce’s competencies into line with the National Skill Qualification Framework.
Which of the above statements are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
Ans: b
Explanation
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana is a flagship program of Ministry of Skill development and Entrepreneurship.
Among other things, it will provide instruction in digital literacy, entrepreneurship, soft skills, and finance.
It seeks to bring the nation’s unregulated workforce’s competencies into line with the National Skill Qualification Framework.
Mains Model Questions
Q. Does urbanization lead to more segregation and/or marginalization of the poor in Indian metropolises? (UPSC PYQ 2018)
| Introduction: India has seen significant urban sprawl in recent years due to urbanization, which is characterized by the fast movement of people from rural to urban areas. The urban population, which made up 35.87% of the total as of 2022, has already increased to one in three people (33%). Nonetheless, worries about the possibility of further marginalization (socioeconomic and political exclusion) and segregation (spatial separation) in these expanding urban environments continue. Body: Urbanization and Poor People’s Segregation: In Indian metropolises, urbanization frequently results in spatial segregation, which pushes low-income groups to the outskirts with little access to basic amenities.Slum Formation: As more people from rural areas move to urban areas in quest of better prospects, slums—which are defined by congested and inadequate housing conditions.Social Stigmatization: Discrimination against the poor in housing, work, and social interactions can be made worse by the urbanization process. Rising Real Estate Prices: In Indian metropolises, the urbanization process usually leads to rising real estate prices, which exacerbates the urban poor’s segregation. This pattern is particularly noticeable in places like Delhi and Mumbai. Urbanization and Poor People’s Marginalization: Informal Employment: The urban poor are frequently pushed into the informal sector by urbanization, where they face employment insecurity and low pay. Cities like Bengaluru, where daily wage workers in the construction industry frequently lack job security and access to social safeguards, are prime examples of this economic marginalization, which widens the economic gap. Educational Disparities: In urban areas of India such as Delhi, impoverished people, particularly those residing in urban villages, often have limited access to quality schools and educational resources.Healthcare Challenges: Because public hospitals are overcrowded and expensive, it is sometimes difficult for the urban poor to get healthcare services. Political Representation: The urban poor may not always have sufficient political representation in urban settings, which leaves them without resources and policies that are specifically designed to fulfill their needs. However, urbanization does not always result in the poor being marginalized and segregated. Additionally, it offers chances for progress that is inclusive: Economic Mobility: Rural migrants looking for work in a variety of industries are drawn to urbanization because it produces a wide range of job prospects. Cultural Exchange: Cities are linguistic and cultural melting pots. When people from different backgrounds get together, it promotes understanding and cultural exchange. Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Innovation and entrepreneurial endeavors are frequently stimulated by urbanization. Cities like Cyberabad in Hyderabad have developed into breeding grounds for startups and technology innovation, offering opportunities for business growth and employment. Conclusion: India’s urbanization is a dynamic force that necessitates thoughtful analysis and purposeful intervention. We can create urban settings that are not just economically vibrant but also socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable by taking proactive measures to address challenges of marginalization and segregation and by leveraging the potential for good change. |
Article: 23rd November, 2024
Topic: India-CARICOM Summit
Relevance: GS Paper: 2 – International Relations
Source: DD News
Context
- In order to improve relations between India and the Caribbean Community, or “CARICOM,” Prime Minister Narendra Modi suggested seven important pillars.
About
- The PM attended the second India-CARICOM Summit in Guyana among the Caribbean partner nations.
- This is the first time an Indian head of state has visited Guyana in almost 50 years.
- He discussed a variety of topics with the Caribbean partner nations, including trade, technology, and tourism.
Seven Essential Pillars
- The abbreviation C-A-R-I-C-O-M is also made up of the seven pillars that PM Modi highlighted.
- Building Capacity: Proposed opening the technology center, India is establishing in Belize to CARICOM members and announced 1,000 scholarships in information technology.
- Agriculture and Food Security: India can promote millet cultivation to enhance nutrition and share its agricultural technological innovations, such using drones.
- Climate change and renewable energy: Encouraged CARICOM countries to participate in projects including the Global Biofuel Alliance, the International Solar Alliance, the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, and Mission Life for Sustainable Lifestyles.
- Innovation and Technology: CARICOM nations can benefit from India’s technical innovations, such as the “Stack” infrastructure and the Universal Payment Interface (UPI) for electronic payments.
- Cricket and Culture: By providing 11 scholarships for women’s cricket coaching to each CARICOM country, it was suggested that cricket be used as a vehicle for women’s empowerment.
- Ocean Economy: India can support security efforts, improve regional connectivity, and help develop unexplored marine resources.
- Healthcare and Medicine: Provides reasonably priced solutions via its Janaushadi program.
CARICOM
- CARICOM was established in 1973 when the Treaty of Chaguaramas was signed.
- In the developing world, it is the oldest integration effort still going strong.
- Later, in 2002, the Treaty was amended to permit the ultimate creation of a single economy and market.
- Members: There are 21 nations that make up Caricom, comprising 15 member states and 6 associate members.
- CARICOM is made up of states that are regarded as developing nations, ranging from the Bahamas in the north to Suriname and Guyana in South America.
- Demography: About sixteen million people call it home, with sixty percent of them being under thirty.
- CARICOM’s goals are: CARICOM’s four pillars are security, human and social development, foreign policy cooperation, and economic integration.
- Caribbean Community: A political union that resulted in the founding of the West Indies Federation in 1958, the Caribbean Free Trade Association’s (CARIFTA) more structured activities in 1965, and a more persistent form of regional integration through the creation of a Caribbean Community in 1973 are all examples of the Caribbean’s economic development.
- Summits: In 2019, during the 74th Session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), CARICOM and the Prime Minister held their most recent meeting.
– India suggested hosting the third summit there.
What Makes CARICOM Crucial to India’s Global South Goals?
- Strengthening Ties with Developing Countries: India’s larger strategic goal of strengthening connections with developing nations is in line with forging closer ties with CARICOM.
- Other International Platform for India: The Caribbean countries, many of whom are also Commonwealth members, give India access to other international forums for collaboration, especially on topics of shared interest like trade, climate change, and disaster relief.
- Common worries: Regarding the consequences of climate change, India and CARICOM share worries.
– Many Caribbean countries face existential dangers from rising sea levels, extreme weather, and environmental degradation, which is why they have made climate change a top priority on their foreign policy agendas. - Indian Diaspora: The CARICOM countries’ Indian diaspora is essential to preserving interpersonal relations between the two areas.
- Beyond their conventional partnerships with North America and Europe, CARICOM countries are finding that India is a useful ally in their quest for economic diversity and sustainable development.
Conclusion
- India is working with CARICOM to strengthen its ties with developing nations and to represent the Global South.
- In talks to find answers to the most urgent problems in the marine sector, India highlighted the concerns of the Global South during its G20 presidency.
- India recognizes that nations must work together to find solutions to their shared issues, particularly given their continued economic interdependence.
Also Read Topics & Concepts:
Prelims Practice Questions
Q. Consider the following statements
1. The Caribbean Community’s (CARICOM) primary decision-making body is the Assembly of States.
2. CARICOM is an observer to the United Nations General Assembly.
3. As part of its Global South strategy, India is increasing its engagement with Caribbean countries, which is reflected in the India-CARICOM Summit.
Which of the above statements are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
Ans: b
Explanation
The Conference of Heads of Government is CARICOM’s principal decision-making body. Other organizations, such as the Community Council of Ministers, provide support to the Conference, which is attended by the heads of state from participating nations. 15 member states and five associate members from the Americas, Caribbean, and Atlantic Ocean make up the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), an intergovernmental organization that functions as a political and economic union.
CARICOM is an observer to the United Nations General Assembly. As part of its Global South strategy, India is increasing its engagement with Caribbean countries, which is reflected in the India-CARICOM Summit.
Mains Model Questions
Q. Analyze how CARICOM advances India’s economic and energy security objectives in the Western Hemisphere. Examine how India might use this alliance to improve South-South collaboration as well.
| Introduction: An unexplored chance to promote South-South cooperation and strengthen energy security and trade in the Western Hemisphere is presented by India’s collaboration with CARICOM (Caribbean Community). This is consistent with India’s aim to diversify its energy and commerce relationships as well as its global developmental diplomacy. Body: CARICOM’s contribution to improving India’s energy security Collaboration on renewable energy: CARICOM countries are at the forefront of renewable energy breakthroughs, such as wind and solar power. Partnerships for fossil fuels: There are opportunities for energy commerce because several CARICOM countries possess sizable petroleum reserves. Potential for LNG trade: Trinidad & Tobago and other CARICOM countries are significant LNG exporters. Strategic energy diversification: By collaborating with CARICOM, India can lessen its excessive reliance on Russia and the Middle East for energy. CARICOM’s function in furthering India’s commercial objectives Pharmaceutical market: India has a profitable export opportunity because CARICOM countries mainly rely on imported medications. Gateway to Latin American markets: India has access to a wider regional market thanks to CARICOM’s commercial ties with Latin America. Export of services: CARICOM’s development demands can be met by India’s IT and knowledge sector. Exports of agricultural technology: India can supply the contemporary methods needed by CARICOM’s rural economies. Using the CARICOM alliance to promote collaboration between the South and the South Cooperation on climate change: Both areas can work together to mitigate the risks posed by increasing sea levels. Developmental support: CARICOM’s sustainable projects and infrastructure can benefit from India’s Lines of Credit (LoC). Cultural diplomacy: Using soft power can strengthen ties with the Caribbean’s sizable Indian diaspora. Multilateral coordination: CARICOM can support India’s efforts to promote climate justice and South-South trade equity. Conclusion: With the potential to improve South-South collaboration, the India-CARICOM partnership is a critical facilitator of trade and energy diversification. India can increase its worldwide influence and promote reciprocal advantages by promoting development-driven diplomacy and energy cooperation. |
